How do the terms sexual violence and sexual assault differ in crisis practice, and how should practitioners respond?

• A. They are the same; respond in the same way
• B. Sexual violence is a broad term; sexual assault is a non-consensual act; respond with survivor’s preferred terminology
• C. Sexual violence is a broad term; sexual assault is a non-consensual act; respond with survivor’s preferred terminology and provide support regardless of label
• D. Sexual violence excludes assault; respond only to assault

Answer: (C)

In crisis practice, language matters because it shapes how survivors are heard and how their needs are addressed. Sexual violence is a broad umbrella that includes many forms of harm, such as coercion, harassment, exploitation, and assault. Sexual assault is a specific non-consensual act, typically involving sexual contact. The most person-centered and effective response is to honor the survivor’s own terminology and provide support regardless of how they label what happened. This means listening with curiosity, validating their experience, and asking for their preferred terms without pressuring them to define it in a particular way. It also involves offering comprehensive support—medical and forensic care if desired, mental health resources, safety planning, and information about options for reporting or legal steps—based on the survivor’s stated needs and choices. Using trauma-informed language helps prevent retraumatization and reinforces the survivor’s autonomy, dignity, and control over their healing.